From the Small to the Big and Back Again
Copyright (©) by James Dow Allen, 2021.

The purpose of this page is to help practice the prefixes of the metric system, Using two of the fundamental equations of physics, wavelength is made to correspond to (a photon's) energy, and to mass.
     
  • 3) Kilo / milli
  • 6) Mega / micro
  • 9) Giga / nano
  • 12) Tera / pico
  • 15) Peta / femto
         
  • 18) Exa / atto
  • 21) Zetta / zepto
  • 24) Yotta / yocto
  • 27) Ronna / ronto
  • 30) Quecca / quecto

(Notes: (1) It may seem absurd to speak of photons with the extremely large or extremely small wavelengths shown here -- quecto-angstrom is a unit of length which makes no sense, let alone quecto-quecto-quecto-angstrom. These are just hypotheticals to bind the table together. (2) Dry Biomass is usually taken to be 1/5 of Biomass. (3) Precision should be treated as 1 sig-fig only.)

Distance, Size Energy of Photon (λ = L)
(Energy = E = hc / L) 		Mass Equiv of Photon
(L, or wavelength of photon) (Mass = m = E / c2)
10^-100 m = quecto-quecto-quecto-angstrom 500 Kilo-QueccaQueccatons TNT equiv. 0.01 QueccaSun = 10^28 suns
. 22 Quecca-Queccagrams
10^-99 m 2 Zeta-Quecca-Quecca-Ergs RonnaSun = 10^27 suns
. 2.2 Yotta-Queccatonnes
10^-98 m 120 Quecca-Quecca-Quecca-eV 10^26 suns
. .
10^-97 m = ronto-quecto-quecto-angstrom 2 Tera-Quecca-QueccaJoules 10^25 suns
. 22 Ronna-Queccagrams
10^-96 m 33 Quecca-Quecca-bbl petroleum YottaSun = 10^24 suns
. ½ Mass of observable universe (total)
10^-95 5 QueccaQueccatons TNT equiv. 220 Exa-Queccatonnes = 10^23 suns
. Mass of observable universe (ordinary matter)
10^-94 m = yocto-quecto-quecto-angstrom 2 Giga-Quecca-QueccaJoules 10^22 suns
. .
10^-93 m 33 Ronna-Quecca-bbl petroleum ZettaSun = 10^21 suns
. 2.2 Yotta-Queccagrams
10^-92 m 5 Ronna-Queccatons TNT equiv. 10^20 suns
. 220 Zetta-Queccagrams
10^-91 m = zepto-quecto-quecto-angstrom 2 Mega-Quecca-QueccaJoules 22 Peta-Queccatonnes = 10^19 suns
. ½ Mass of Hercules-Corona Borealis Great Wall
10^-90 m 33 Yotta-Quecca-bbl petroleum ExaSun = 10^18 suns
. Mass of Pisces-Cetus Supercluster Complex
10^-89 m 5 Yotta-Queccatons TNT equiv. 220 Tera-Queccatonnes = 10^17 suns
. Mass of Laniakea Supercluster
10^-88 m = atto-quecto-quecto-angstrom 2 Kilo-Quecca-QueccaJoules 10^16 suns
. 22 Exa-Queccagrams
10^-87 m 33 Zetta-Quecca-bbl petroleum PetaSun = 10^15 suns
. Mass of Virgo Supercluster; or of supermassive galaxy
10^-86 m 5 Zetta-Queccatons TNT equiv. 220 Giga-Queccatonnes = 10^14 suns
. Mass of IC1101 galaxy
10^-85 m = femto-quecto-quecto-angstrom 2 Quecca-QueccaJoules 22 Peta-Queccagrams = 10^13 suns
. Mass of Galaxy Group
10^-84 m 33 Exa-Quecca-bbl petroleum TeraSun = 10^12 suns
. Mass of Milky Way galaxy
10^-83 m 5 Exa-Queccatons TNT equiv. 220 Mega-Queccatonnes = 10^11 suns
. 1.5X Mass of largest known black hole (TON 618)
10^-82 m = pico-quecto-quecto-angstrom 2 Ronna-QueccaJoules 10^10 suns
. 1.5X Mass of supermassive black hole in Messier 87
10^-81 m 200 Yotta-QueccaJoules
33 Peta-Quecca-bbl petroleum 		GigaSun = Mass of 10^9 suns
. 2.2 Tera-Queccagrams
10^-80 m 5 Peta-Queccatons TNT equiv.
21 Zetta-QueccaBTUs 		220 Kilo-Queccatonnes = 10^8 suns
. 4X Mass of Sagittarius Dwarf galaxy
10^-79 m = nano-quecto-quecto-angstrom ½ Energy by merger of 2 large black holes 22 Giga-Queccagrams = 10^7 suns
. Mass of largest globular cluster;   2X Mass of M'Way core black hole
10^-78 m 2 Quecca-Quecca-ergs = 33 Tera-Quecca-bbl 2.2 Kilo-Queccatonnes = MegaSun = 10^6 suns
. Mass of Tarantula Nebula or Gould Belt
10^-77 m 5 Tera-Queccatons TNT equiv. 220 Mega-Queccagrams = 10^5 suns
. Mass of typical globular cluster
10^-76 m = micro-quecto-quecto-angstrom 2 Zetta-QueccaJoules 22 Queccatonnes = 10^4 suns
. Mass of small globular cluster
10^-75 m 2 Ronna-Quecca-ergs = 33 Giga-Quecca-bbl Kilosun = 10^3 suns
. Mass of Pleiades star cluster
10^-74 m 5 Giga-Queccatons TNT equiv. 220 Kilo-Queccagrams = 10^2 suns
. Mass of Eta Carinae A
10^-73 m = milli-quecto-quecto-angstrom 2 Exa-QueccaJoules
2X Energy of gravitational event LIGO-GW150914 		22 Ronnatonnes = 10^1 suns
. Mass of Canopus
10^-72 m 2 Yotta-Quecca-ergs = 33 Mega-Quecca-bbl 2.2 Kilo-Queccagrams = 10^0 sun
. Mass of our Sun
10^-71 m 5 Mega-Queccatons TNT equiv. 30 Kilo-earths = 10^-1 sun
. Mass of red dwarf star
10^-70 m = quecto-quecto-angstrom 2 Peta-QueccaJoules
Energy of Hypernova explosion 		22 Yottatonnes = 10^-2 suns
. Mass of small brown dwarf star
10^-69 m 2 Zetta-Quecca-ergs
Energy of Supernova explosion 		2.2 Queccagrams = milliSun = 10^-3 suns
. Mass of Jupiter
10^-68 5 Kilo-Queccatons TNT equiv. 220 Ronnagrams = 10^-4 suns
. 2X Mass of Uranus
10^-67 = ronto-quecto-angstrom 2 Tera-QueccaJoules 22 Zettatonnes = 10^-5 suns
. 3X Mass of Earth
10^-66 m 2 Exa-Quecca-ergs
33 Quecca-bbl petroleum 		microSun = 10^-6 suns
. 3X Mass of Mars
10^-65 m 5 Queccatons TNT equiv. 220 Yottagrams = 10^-7 suns
. Mass of Ganymede
10^-64 m = yocto-quecto-angstrom 2 Giga-QueccaJoules 22 Exatonnes = 10^-8 suns
. Mass of Triton; or of Earth's crust
10^-63 m 2 Peta-Quecca-ergs
33 Ronna-bbl petroleum 		2.2 Yottagrams = nanoSun = 10^-9 suns
. 2X Mass of Ceres
10^-62 5 Ronnatons TNT equiv. 220 Zettagrams = 10^-10 suns
. Mass of Indian Ocean
10^-61 m = zepto-quecto-angstrom 2 Mega-QueccaJoules
556 Quecca-watthours 		22 Petatonnes = 10^-11 suns
. Mass of Antarctic ice sheet; or of Asteroid 3 Juno
10^-60 m = quecto-quectometer 2 Tera-Quecca-ergs
33 Yotta-bbl petroleum 		picoSun = 10^-12 suns
. ½ Mass of Earth's atmosphere
10^-59 20 Kilo-QueccaJoules; 5 Yottatons TNT equiv.
2X Energy output of Sun per year 		220 Exagrams = 10^-13 suns
. Mass of Prometheus (shepherd moon of Saturn)
10^-58 = atto-quecto-angstrom 2 Kilo-QueccaJoules; 556 Ronna-watthours
orbital Energy of Earth 		22 Teratonnes = 10^-14 suns
. Mass of water in Lake Baikal; Earth's Total Biomass (high estimate)
10^-57 m = ronto-quectometer 2 Giga-Quecca-ergs; 33 Zetta-bbl oil
total Energy output of Sun per week 		2.2 Exagrams = femtoSun = 10^-15 suns
. Mass of water in Great Bear Lake; Earth's Total Biomass (low estimate)
10^-56 m 5 Zettatons TNT equiv.
5.6 Ronna-watthours 		220 Petagrams = 10^-16 suns
. Mass of Mount Everest; ½ Dry Biomass of all plants
10^-55 = femto-quecto-angstrom 2 QueccaJoules
556 Yotta-watthours 		Tablespoon of neutron star; 22 Gigatonnes = 10^-17 suns
. Mass of all Earth's DNA; ⅓ Biomass of all fungi
10^-54 m = yocto-quectometer 2 Mega-Quecca-ergs; 33 Exa-bbl oil
rotational Energy of Earth 		2.2 Gigatonnes = attoSun = 10^-18 suns
. Dry Biomass of all animals = ½ Mass of annual human food produced
10^-53 m 5 Exatons TNT equiv.
5.6 Yotta-watthours 		220 Teragrams = 10^-19 suns
. ½ Biomass of all humans; ½ Mass plastics produced per year
10^-52 m = picoquecto-angstrom 2 RonnaJoules
556 Zetta-watthours 		22 Megatonnes = 10^-20 suns
. ⅓ Mass of Concrete in Three Gorges Dam
10^-51 m = zepto-quectometer 2 Kilo-Quecca-ergs
33 Peta-bbl petroleum 		zeptoSun = 10^-21 suns
. ⅓ Mass of Great Pyramid
10^-50 m 5 Petatons TNT equiv.
½ total Energy output of Sun per second 		220 Kilotonnes = 2.2 X 10^11 grams
. Mass of large container ship (DWT)
10^-49 m = nanoquecto-angstrom 2 YottaJoules; 556 Exa-watthours
⅓ Energy of sunlight on Earth per year 		22 Kilotonnes = 2.2 X 10^10 grams
. ½ Mass of RMS Titanic
10^-48 m = atto-quectometer 2 Quecca-ergs
33 Tera-bbl petroleum 		2200 Tonnes = 2.2 X 10^9 grams
. Mass of Saturn V rocket or Space Shuttle
10^-47 m Heat added to oceans in 2021
5.6 Exa-watthours 		220 Tonnes = 2.2 X 10^8 grams
. Mass of largest blue whale
10^-46 m = microquecto-angstrom 2 ZettaJoules
556 Peta-watthours 		22 Tonnes = 2.2 X 10^7 grams
. Mass of fire-truck
10^-45 m = femto-quectometer 33 Giga-bbl petroleum
Total P' Oil Consumed by world in Year 2019 		2200 Kilograms = 2.2 X 10^6 grams
. Mass of giraffe
10^-44 Total annual U.S. electricity consumption
5 Gigatons TNT equiv. 		220 Kilograms = 2.2 X 10^5 grams
. Mass of male tiger, antelope or giant tortoise
10^-43 m = milliquecto-angstrom 2 ExaJoules = 330 Mega-bbl
2X Krakatoa eruption 		22 Kilograms = 2.2 X 10^4 grams
. Mass of male bulldog or beaver
10^-42 m = pico-quectometer Energy of Tsar Bomba (largest H-bomb) detonation
½ Energy spent annually mining Bitcoin 		2.2 Kilograms = 2.2 X 10^3 grams
. Mass of swamp rabbit or chihuahua dog
10^-41 5.6 Terawatthour = 3.3 Mega-bbl
½ Energy of 8-Richter earthquake 		220 grams = 2.2 X 10^2 grams
. Mass of hamster
10^-40 m = quecto-angstrom 2 PetaJoules = 500 Kilotons TNT
Energy of typical storm 		22 grams = 2.2 X 10^1 grams
. Mass of field mouse
10^-39 m = nano-quectometer 3X Explosive Energy of Hiroshima bomb 2.2 grams = 2.2 X 10^0 grams
. Mass of caterpillar
10^-38 m 5.6 Giga-watthour = 3.3 Kilo-bbl
½ Energy of 6-Richter earthquake 		220 milligrams = 2.2 X 10^-1 grams
. Mass of raindrop
10^-37 m = ronto-angstrom 2 TeraJoules
556 Mega-watthour 		22 milligrams = 2.2 X 10^-2 grams
. Mass of grain of rice or housefly
10^-36 m = micro-quectometer 200 GigaJoules; 50 tons of TNT
food Energy consumed during human life 		2.2 milligrams = 2.2 X 10^-3 grams
. Mass of sesame seed or small mosquito
10^-35 m = 10 micro-quectometer 5 tons of TNT equiv.
3.3 barrels oil equiv 		220 micrograms = 2.2 X 10^-4 grams
⅔ Planck Length Mass of poppy seed, fruitfly or standard LSD dose
10^-34 m = yocto-angstrom 2 GigaJoules
Mass-Energy of smallest theoretical black hole 		22 micrograms = 2.2 X 10^-5 grams
Mass of fairyfly (smallest insect)
10^-33 m = milliquectometer 1.2 Ronna-eV = 200 MegaJoules 2.2 micrograms = 1.3 Exadaltons = 2.2 X 10^-6 grams
. ½ Mass of human ovum, or of RDA Vitamin B12
10^-32 m 20 MegaJoules = 5.6 Kilo-watthour 220 nanograms = 2.2 X 10^-7 grams
. Mass of grain of maize pollen
10^-31 m = zepto-angstrom 12 Yotta-eV = 20 Tera-ergs
½ kinetic Energy of speeding car 		22 nanograms = 2.2 X 10^-8 grams
. Mass of megakaryocyte human cell
10^-30 m = quectometer 50 grams of TNT equiv. 2.2 nanograms = 1.3 Petadaltons = 2.2 X 10^-9 grams
. Mass of typical human cell
10^-29 m 20 KiloJoules = 5 Calories (5 kcal.) 130 Teradaltons = 2.2 X 10^-10 grams
. Mass of neutrophil (white blood cell)
10^-28 m = atto-angstrom 12 Zetta-eV = 20 Giga-ergs
kinetic Energy of M16 rifle bullet 		22 picograms = 2.2 X 10^-11 grams
. Mass of human sperm cell; ⅓ Mass of red blood cell
10^-27 m = rontometer Strongest 'cosmic ray' ever detected
Energy of lethal X-ray dose 		1.3 Teradaltons = 2.2 X 10^-12 grams
. Mass of human haploid genome; 2X mass of typical bacterium
10^-26 m 20 Joules 220 femtograms = 2.2 X 10^-13 grams
. Mass of smallest cyanobacterium
10^-25 m = femto-angstrom 2 Joules; 12 Exa-eV
½ calorie 		13 Gigadaltons = 2.2 X 10^-14 grams
. Mass of largest giant virus
10^-24 m = yoctometer 2 Megaergs 2.2 femtograms = 1.3 Gigadaltons = 2.2 X 10^-15 grams
. Mass of small genome
10^-23 m 30 Quecca-Hz photon 220 attograms = 2.2 X 10^-16 grams
Size of Neutrino Mass of human adenovirus
10^-22 m = pico-angstrom 2 milliJoules
12 Peta-eV 		13 Megadaltons = 2.2 X 10^-17 grams
Size of Top Quark 3X Mass of human ribosome
10^-21 m = zeptometer 2 Kilo-ergs 2.2 attograms = 2.2 X 10^-18 grams
. ½ Mass of Prokaryotic ribosome
10^-20 m kinetic Energy of flying mosquito
30 Ronna-Hz photon 		220 zeptograms = 2.2 X 10^-19 grams
. Mass of large protein
10^-19 m = nano-angstrom 2 microJoules; 12 Tera-eV
Energy of proton in LHC 		13 Kilodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-20 grams
Size of Bottom Quark Mass of small protein
10^-18 m = attometer 200 nanoJoules
2 ergs 		1.3 Kilodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-21 grams
Size of Strange Quark ½ Mass of DNA base pair
10^-17 m 20 nanoJoules
30 Yotta-Hz photon 		220 yoctograms = 2.2 X 10^-22 grams
Size of Up Quark Mass of Higgs Boson; ⅔ Mass of caffeine molecule
10^-16 m = micro-angstrom 2 nanoJoules
12 Giga-eV 		13 Daltons = 2.2 X 10^-23 grams
Range of Weak Force ½ Mass of water molecule
10^-15 m = femtometer 2 milli-ergs 1.3 Daltons = 2.2 X 10^-24 grams
Size of proton Mass of proton
10^-14 m 20 picoJoules
30 Zetta-Hz photon 		220 rontograms = 2.2 X 10^-25 grams
Size of chlorine nucleus Mass of muon
10^-13 m = milli-angstrom 12 Mega-eV
3X Energy of Zetta-Hz photon 		13 millidaltons = 2.2 X 10^-26 grams
. Mass of Up Quark
10^-12 m = picometer 2 micro-ergs
Energy of Gamma Ray (300 EHz) photon 		2.2 rontograms = 2.2 X 10^-27 grams
. 2X Mass of electron
10^-11 m 20 femtoJoules
Energy of Infra-Gamma Ray (30 EHz) photon 		220 quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-28 grams
Size of helium atom .
10^-10 m = Angstrom 12 Kilo-eV
Energy of Hard X-Ray (HX, 3 Exa-Hz) photon 		13 microdaltons = 2.2 X 10^-29 grams
Size of water molecule .
10^-9 m = nanometer 2 nano-ergs
Energy of Soft X-Ray (SX, 300 Peta-Hz) photon 		2.2 quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-30 grams
Size of sugar molecule .
10^-8 m 120 electron-Volts; 30 PHz photon 220 milli-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-31 grams
1.5X Thickness of cell membrane .
10^-7 m ½ Energy of covalent bond
6X Energy of Orange photon 		13 nano-daltons = 2.2 X 10^-32 grams
Size of transistor gate; or of small virus .
10^-6 m = micrometer 2 pico-ergs
½ Energy of Green (600 Tera-Hz) photon 		2.2 milli-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-33 grams
Size of largest virus or small bacterium Mass (estimated) of electron neutrino
10^-5 m Energy of hydrogen bond
Energy of Near infrared (NIR, 30 Tera-Hz) photon 		220 micro-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-34 grams
Size of X chromosome or red blood cell .
10^-4 m 12 milli-eV = 0.7 Landauer bit at room temp.
Energy of Mid infrared (MIR, 3 Tera-Hz) photon 		13 picodaltons = = 2.2 X 10^-35 grams
Size of skin cell; Thickness of human hair .
10^-3 m = millimeter 2 femto-ergs
Energy of Far infrared (FIR, 300 Giga-Hz) photon 		2.2 micro-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-36 grams
Size of dust mite; or of amoeba 2X Mass of Cosmic Microwave Background photon
10^-2 m = centimeter = 3.9 mils Energy of Extremely high frequency (EHF, 30 Giga-Hz) photon 220 nano-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-37 grams
2X Size of grain of rice; 2X Size of red ant .
10^-1 m = decimeter 12 micro-eV
Energy of Super high frequency (SHF, 3 Giga-Hz) photon 		13 femtodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-38 grams
Size of potato .
10^0 m = Meter = 39.37 inches 2 atto-ergs
Energy of Ultra high frequency (UHF, 300 Mega-Hz) photon 		2.2 nano-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-39 grams
Size of human .
10^1 m = Dekameter Energy of Very high frequency (VHF, 30 Mega-Hz) photon 220 pico-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-40 grams
Size of Oak tree, or of Giant Squid .
10^2 m = Hectometer = 328 feet 12 nano-eV
Energy of High frequency (HF, 3 Mega-Hz) photon 		13 attodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-41 grams
Height of Statue of Liberty; or of redwood tree .
10^3 m = Kilometer = 1094 yards 2 zepto-ergs
Energy of Medium frequency (MF, 300 Kilo-Hz) photon 		2.2 pico-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-42 grams
Height of Angel Falls .
10^4 m Energy of Low frequency (LF, 30 Kilo-Hz) photon 2.2 X 10^-43 grams
Height of Mt. Everest; Size of massive neutron star .
10^5 m = 62.1 miles 12 pico-eV
Energy of Very low frequency (VLF, 3 Kilo-Hz) photon 		13 zeptodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-44 grams
Length of Suez Canal; Size of Rhode Island .
10^6 m = Megameter 2 yocto-ergs
Energy of Ultra low frequency (ULF, 300 Hz) photon 		2.2 femto-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-45 grams
Size of Ceres; Length of California .
10^7 m Energy of Super low frequency (SLF, 30 Hz) photon 220 atto-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-46 grams
Size of Earth; Length of Trans-Siberian railway .
10^8 m = 0.33 light-second Energy of Extremely low frequency (ELF, 3 Hz) photon 13 yoctodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-47 grams
Size of Saturn .
10^9 m = Gigameter 2 ronto-ergs = 1.2 femto-eV 2.2 atto-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-48 grams
⅔ Size of Sun .
10^10 m = 67 milli-AU 220 zepto-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-49 grams
Size of Pollux .
10^11 m = 5.5 light-minutes 12 atto-eV = 3 milli-Hz photon 13 rontodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-50 grams
Size of Rigel; Distance Sun to Venus .
10^12 m = Terameter 2 quecto-ergs 2.2 zepto-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-51 grams
Size of Antares; Distance Sun to Jupiter .
10^13 m = 9.2 light-hours = 67 AU 220 yocto-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-52 grams
Distance to Sedna .
10^14 m = 92 light-hours 12 zepto-eV = 3 micro-Hz photon 13 quectodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-53 grams
Size of largest known black hole .
10^15 m = Petameter = 32 milliparsecs 2 milli-quectoergs 2.2 yocto-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-54 grams
Size of Stingray Nebula .
10^16 m = 1.05 ly = 66 Kilo-AU 220 ronto-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-55 grams
Size of Ring Nebula; or of Oort Cloud 2X Mass of graviton
10^17 m = Ronna-angstrom 12 yocto-eV 13 milli-quectodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-56 grams
Size of Crab Nebula .
10^18 m = Exameter = 32 parsecs 2 micro-quectoergs 2.2 ronto-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-57 grams
Size of Lagoon Nebula .
10^19 m = 1.05 Kilo-ly 220 quecto-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-58 grams
Size of Tarantula Nebula .
10^20 m = Quecca-angstrom 12 ronto-eV 13 micro-quectodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-59 grams
Size of Sagittarius Dwarf galaxy .
10^21 m = Zettameter = 32 kiloparsecs 2 nano-quectoergs 2.2 quecto-quectograms = 2.2 X 10^-60 grams
Size of Milky Way .
10^22 m = 1.05 Mega-ly 130 nano-quectodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-61 grams
Size of NGC4889 (supergiant ellip. galaxy); ½ Distance Sol to Andromeda .
10^23 m = Kilo-Quecca-angstrom 12 quecto-eV 13 nano-quectodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-62 grams
Size of Fornax cluster .
10^24 m = Yottameter = 32 Megaparsecs 2 pico-quectoergs 2.2 X 10^-63 grams
Size of Virgo supercluster .
10^25 m = 1.05 Giga-ly 2.2 X 10^-64 grams
Size of Pisces-Cetus Supercluster complex .
10^26 m = Mega-Quecca-angstrom 12 milliquecto-eV 13 pico-quectodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-65 grams
Distance to Hubble Deep Field .
10^27 m = Ronnameter = 32 Gigaparsecs 2 femto-quectoergs 1.3 pico-quectodaltons = 2.2 X 10^-66 grams
Size of Observable universe .
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